Diseases of the Iris

 Diseases of the Iris (Part of the Uveal Tract)


The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates light entry. Diseases affecting the iris are often grouped under anterior uveitis or iritis, but other conditions can also affect it.


🔹 Common Iris Diseases:


1. Iritis (Anterior Uveitis)



Definition: Inflammation of the iris.


Causes:

  • Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis)

  • Infections (e.g., tuberculosis, herpes)

  • Trauma


Symptoms:

  • Eye pain

  • Redness (especially around the cornea)

  • Light sensitivity (photophobia)

  • Blurred vision

Treatment:

  • Steroid eye drops

  • Cycloplegic drops (to relieve pain)

Treatment of underlying cause


2. Traumatic Iris Damage

Causes: Blunt or penetrating trauma


Effects:

  • Irregular pupil (corectopia)

  • Iris tears or holes (iridodialysis)


Symptoms: Vision disturbances, glare, photophobia


Treatment: Depends on severity; surgery may be needed in some cases


3. Iris Atrophy


Definition: Degeneration or thinning of iris tissue


Causes:

  • Aging

  • Chronic inflammation

  • Glaucoma


Symptoms: Irregular pupil shape, poor pupil reaction to light


Treatment: Usually no treatment, but underlying cause must be managed


4. Iris Nevus or Melanoma


Definition: Benign (nevus) or malignant (melanoma) growth on the iris


Symptoms:

  • Visible dark spot on the iris

  • Possible change in pupil shape

  • No symptoms in early stages


Treatment:

  • Monitoring for benign lesions

  • Surgical removal or radiotherapy for melanomas


5. Rubeosis Iridis


Definition: 

Abnormal blood vessel growth on the iris


Causes:

  • Diabetes (especially with diabetic retinopathy)

  • Central retinal vein occlusion


Risks: Can lead to neovascular glaucoma


Treatment: Laser treatment, anti-VEGF injections



For further process click https://medorbis.ai

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