Types of Cataract Based on Etiology (Cause):

 ✅ Types of Cataract Based on Etiology (Cause):





1. Senile Cataract

  • Most common type

  • Occurs due to aging (usually after 50 years)

  • Gradual lens degeneration


2. Congenital Cataract

  • Present at birth or develops in infancy

Causes:

  • Genetic disorders

  • Maternal infections during pregnancy (e.g. rubella, toxoplasmosis)

  • Metabolic disorders (e.g. galactosemia)


3. Developmental Cataract

  • Develops in early childhood

  • May be associated with systemic conditions

4. Traumatic Cataract

  • Caused by eye injury (blunt or penetrating trauma)

  • May also result from chemical or thermal burns


5. Metabolic Cataract

Occurs due to systemic metabolic disorders, such as:

  • Diabetes mellitus (diabetic cataract)

  • Galactosemia

  • Hypocalcemia

  • Wilson’s disease

6. Toxic/Drug-Induced Cataract

Caused by long-term use of certain drugs:

  • Corticosteroids (most common)

  • Miotics (e.g. pilocarpine)

  • Chlorpromazine

  • Amiodarone

7. Radiation Cataract

  • Caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, UV light, infrared, or radiotherapy

8. Complicated Cataract

Secondary to other eye diseases like:

  • Chronic uveitis

  • Retinitis pigmentosa

  • High myopia

  • Glaucoma

9. Secondary Cataract (After Cataract)

  • Occurs after cataract surgery (Posterior Capsular Opacification – PCO)

  • Not a true cataract, but opacification of the capsule behind the artificial lens.

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