GAUTHAM BLOG

  Binocular balancing Binocular Balancing is a clinical procedure used in refraction (eye testing) to make sure both eyes have equal visual comfort and balanced accommodation after determining the monocular refraction (power for each eye individually). 👉 In simple words: Even if each eye sees clearly on its own, when both eyes work together, one eye may dominate or work harder. Binocular balancing ensures both eyes share the focusing effort equally. Steps in Binocular Balancing Monocular Refraction – First, refraction is done separately for the right and left eye to find the best lens power for each. Binocular Viewing – Both eyes are then opened together with appropriate correction in place. Balance Test Methods : Prism Dissociation Test : Vertical prisms (3Δ BD in one eye and 3Δ BU in the other) are placed to separate images. Patient compares clarity of letters in both eyes → adjust until equal. Purpose To check if one eye is dominant and accommodating more than the...

  🔹 What is Squint? Squint (medical term: strabismus ) is a condition where the eyes are not aligned properly. One eye may look straight ahead while the other turns inwards, outwards, upwards, or downwards. 🔹 Types of Squint Esotropia – Eye turns inward (cross-eye). Exotropia – Eye turns outward (wall-eye). Hypertropia – Eye turns upward. Hypotropia – Eye turns downward. 🔹 Based on Onset Congenital (Infantile) Squint – Present at birth or develops in first 6 months. 🔹 What is Congenital (Infantile) Squint? A squint (strabismus) that is present at birth or develops within the first 6 months of life . Most commonly, it is an esotropia (eye turning inward). 🔹 Causes Exact cause often unknown (idiopathic). Can be due to: Poor development of binocular vision in infancy. Imbalance of extraocular muscles. Strong family history of squint. Sometimes associated with neurological or developmental problems. 🔹 Features Usually large,...

  🔹 Tears Are Important Tears are essential for  eye health, protection, and emotional expression . They: Keep the eye surface  moist . Wash away  dust, dirt, and germs . Provide  oxygen & nutrients  to the cornea (which has no blood vessels). Contain  antibacterial enzymes (lysozyme)  to protect against infection. Help us  express emotions  and even  reduce stress . 🔹 Types of Tears 1️⃣ Basal Tears (Everyday protective tears) Always present to keep eyes lubricated. Function: Prevent dryness, nourish the cornea, maintain clear vision. 🔹 Basal Tears These are the “everyday” tears that are constantly produced by the eyes. They keep the eyes moist, nourished, and protected all the time (even when you’re not crying). Functions of Basal Tears Lubrication – Prevents the eyes from drying out. Nutrition – Provides oxygen & nutrients to the cornea (which has no blood vessels). Protection – Contains ...

How owls and cats see better at night than humans. 🔹 1. More Rod Cells in the Retina The retina has two main types of light-sensitive cells: Rods – detect dim light, motion, and shapes (good for night vision). 🔹 Where are rods present Rod cells are found in the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye). They are concentrated more in the peripheral retina (sides of the retina). The fovea (center of the retina) has almost no rods – it’s packed with cones for sharp, detailed color vision. 👉 This is why your side vision works better in the dark than looking directly at something. Interesting Facts about Rods Super sensitive to dim light – Rods can detect even a single photon of light (the smallest unit of light!). No color detection – Rods only see in shades of black, white, and gray . Work best at night – That’s why our night vision is blurry and colorless. 120 million rods in each human eye (vs. only ~6 million cones). Cats & o...

  🔹 What is Heterochromia? Heterochromia is a condition where a person’s two eyes are of different colors, or a single eye has multiple colors. It’s rare and often looks striking. 🔹 Types of Heterochromia Complete heterochromia – Each eye is a different color (e.g., one blue, one brown). 🔹 What is Complete Heterochromia? Complete heterochromia is when each eye is a completely different color . Example: one eye is blue and the other is brown . 🔹 Causes of Complete Heterochromia Genetics (most common) Present from birth (congenital). Caused by differences in the amount of melanin (pigment) in each iris. Injury or Trauma An accident can change the color of one eye permanently. Medical Conditions (rare) Waardenburg syndrome Horner’s syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome Medications Some eye drops (for glaucoma) can darken one iris over time. 🔹 Is it Harmful? From birth: usually harmless, just a unique genetic trait. Develops later in life: cou...