Intermediate Uveitis

Intermediate Uveitis


Intermediate Uveitis is a type of uveitis (inflammation of the uveal tract) that primarily affects the vitreous and peripheral retina, particularly the pars plana region of the ciliary body. It lies between anterior and posterior uveitis in terms of location.


🔍 Definition

Intermediate uveitis is inflammation mainly involving the vitreous body, pars plana, and sometimes the peripheral retina and choroid.


📍 Anatomical Location

  • Pars plana (hence sometimes called pars planitis)

  • Vitreous

  • Peripheral retina


🧾 Causes


Can be idiopathic (most common), or associated with:

Autoimmune diseases:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS)

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Inflammatory bowel disease

Infections:

  • Lyme disease

  • Tuberculosis

  • Syphilis


👁️ Clinical Features

  • Floaters

  • Blurred vision

  • Mild redness or discomfort

  • Minimal pain or photophobia

  • Often bilateral and affects young adults


🔬 Signs

  • Vitritis (cells and haze in the vitreous)

  • Snowballs: white inflammatory aggregates in the vitreous

  • Snowbanking: exudates over the pars plana

  • Peripheral retinal vasculitis


🧪 Investigations

  • Slit-lamp examination

  • Fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy

  • OCT, fluorescein angiography

  • Blood tests (for systemic associations)


💊 Treatment

  • Corticosteroids (topical, oral, periocular)

  • Immunosuppressants (if chronic or systemic disease present)

  • Anti-TNF agents (in resistant cases)


Treatment of underlying systemic disease


⚠️ Complications

  • Cataract

  • Cystoid macular edema

  • Glaucoma

  • Epiretinal membrane.

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