How diabetes affects the eye

 Diabetes can significantly affect the eyes, leading to several eye problems—some of which can cause vision loss if not detected and treated early. Here's how diabetes affects the eyes:


1. Diabetic Retinopathy

What it is: Damage to the blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye).


Causes: High blood sugar levels cause these vessels to swell, leak, or close off, leading to vision problems.


Symptoms:


  • Blurred vision


  • Dark spots or floaters


  • Difficulty seeing at night


  • Sudden vision loss (in advanced stages)



2. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)


  • What it is: Swelling in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision.


Effect: Leads to blurry or wavy central vision.


Often occurs as a complication of diabetic retinopathy.


3. Cataracts


What it is: Clouding of the eye’s natural lens.


Diabetics develop cataracts at an earlier age and faster rate.


Symptoms:

  • Blurry or cloudy vision

  • Glare and halos around lights

  • Fading of colors


4. Glaucoma


What it is: Increased pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve.


Diabetics are more prone to developing glaucoma.


Symptoms (often silent at first):

  • Gradual loss of peripheral vision

  • Eye pain or redness (in some forms)


5. Temporary Blurred Vision


  • Due to: Fluctuating blood sugar levels affecting the eye’s lens and fluid balance.


  • Usually reversible with better blood sugar control.


Prevention & Management


  • Control blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol.


  • Have a comprehensive dilated eye exam every year.


  • Quit smoking.


  • Follow doctor’s advice on diabetes management.


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