Anterior uveitis

Anterior uveitis



Anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis, which is inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye (specifically the iris and/or ciliary body).


🔍 Definition:

Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the anterior chamber structures, primarily the iris (iritis) or iris and ciliary body (iridocyclitis).


🧬 Causes:

1. Idiopathic (most common)

2. Autoimmune diseases:

HLA-B27 associated conditions:

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

  • Reactive arthritis

  • Psoriatic arthritis

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

3. Infectious causes:

  • Herpes simplex or zoster

  • Tuberculosis

  • Syphilis

  • Lyme disease

  • Toxoplasmosis

4. Trauma

5. Post-surgical or post-laser

6. Lens-induced uveitis


⚠️ Symptoms:

  • Redness (especially around the limbus – ciliary injection)

  • Eye pain

  • Photophobia (light sensitivity)

  • Blurred vision

  • Tearing

  • Small or irregular pupil


🔎 Signs (on examination):

  • Ciliary congestion

  • Cells and flare in anterior chamber (seen on slit lamp)

  • Keratic precipitates (KPs) on the corneal endothelium

  • Posterior synechiae (adhesion between iris and lens)

  • Miosis (constricted pupil)

  • IOP may be normal, high or low


🧪 Investigations:

  • Slit lamp examination

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement

  • Blood tests (CBC, ESR, HLA-B27, ANA, VDRL, etc.)

  • Chest X-ray / Mantoux test (if TB suspected)

  • Syphilis and HIV screening

  • Anterior chamber tap (in specific cases)


💊 Treatment:


1. Topical corticosteroids – e.g. Prednisolone acetate


2. Cycloplegic/mydriatic agents – e.g. Atropine or Homatropine


To relieve pain and prevent synechiae


3. Treat underlying cause – antibiotics/antivirals/immunosuppressants as needed


4. Monitor IOP – use anti-glaucoma drugs if needed


🔁 Complications (if untreated):

  • Posterior synechiae

  • Secondary glaucoma

  • Cataract

  • Macular edema
  • Chronic uveitis

  • Vision loss


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