Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis






Conjunctivitis (also called pink eye) is the inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.


Causes


1. Infectious


Viral 

  • often caused by adenovirus; spreads easily.


Bacterial 

  • caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae.

2. Allergic

  • Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, pet dander.


3. Irritant

  • Due to smoke, chemicals, contact lens solutions, or foreign bodies.


Symptoms


  • Redness of the eye


  • Watering or discharge


  • Watery in viral/allergic


  • Thick yellow/green in bacterial



  • Itching (common in allergic)


  • Grittiness or burning sensation


  • Swollen eyelids


  • Crusting of eyelashes, especially in the morning


  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)


Diagnosis

  • Mostly clinical (by eye examination)

  • Swab for culture in severe or non-responding cases

  • Allergy testing if allergic conjunctivitis suspected


Treatment


Depends on the cause:


Viral – Usually self-limiting; 

  • cold compress, 
  • lubricating eye drops. 
  • Avoid touching eyes and maintain hygiene.


Bacterial 

  • Topical antibiotic drops/ointment (e.g., chloramphenicol, moxifloxacin).


Allergic 

  • Avoid allergen exposure; antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer eye drops.


Irritant 

  • Remove the irritant and flush the eye with sterile saline.


Prevention

  • Hand hygiene

  • Avoid sharing towels, pillows, or cosmetics

  • Proper cleaning of contact lenses

  • Avoid rubbing eyes


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